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...it is universally read from the Cabinet-council to the Nursery... letter from John Gay to Jonathan Swift, 17 Nov. 1726Gulliver is not really a children's book, but it has been seen as a children's story right from the start: little people, big people, floating island, talking horses ... it's an easy leap. There was no separate literature for children at the time and whatever came to hand may have been drafted to the purpose.
Over time what was considered fit for children has changed. Most modern children's and school editions of the Travels are edited in one way or another. For younger children, the tale is often retold in a simpler, modern idiom, and some episodes, sometimes the whole third and fourth books, are eliminated. School versions may use Swift's original text and include all four parts, but remove the "nasty bits" considered inappropriate for young readers.
Considering how many people know Swift's tale only as a charming children's fantasy, it is a tricky question whether or not it is better to introduce children to a toothless Swift or wait until they can appreciate the real Swift.
There are hundreds, if not thousands, of ediitons of Gulliver for children, edited and formatted for specific age groups and reading levels. I have not tried to identify or evaluate these. When pressed, I tend to recommend the Grosset & Dunlap edition ("Revised & slightly abridged for readers of our time." Illustrated by Aldren Watson. Illustrated Junior Library, 1947, 1975). It has a brief introduction, is somewhat upfront about what has been deleted, merges parts III and IV, but otherwise makes a decent presentation of the story. This edition is, in its way, a classic and is still in print.